WGO Graded Evidence: Acute Diarrhea in Adults

Level: Other Reading: 33 Abstracts

Legend: : Key Development,  : Very Important,  : Important, [no star]: Special Mention
	Infectious diarrhea in children: Working Group Report of the First World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. Davidson G, Barnes G, Bass D, Cohen M, Fasano A, Fontaine O, Guandalini S, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2002;35 Suppl 2:S143-50
	Does my patient have Clostridium difficile infection? Peterson LR, Robicsek A, Ann Intern Med. 2009 Aug 4;151(3):176-9
	[Management of acute infantile diarrhoea: a study on community pharmacy counseling in the Midi-Pyrenees region] Lapeyre-Mestre M, Pin M, Arch Pediatr. 2004 Aug;11(8):898-902
	Hospital-based surveillance of rotavirus and other viral agents of diarrhea in children and adults in Russia, 2005-2007. Podkolzin AT, Fenske EB, Abramycheva NY, Shipulin GA, Sagalova OI, Mazepa VN, Ivanova GN, Semena AV, Tagirova ZG, Alekseeva MN, Molochny VP, Parashar UD, Vinjé J, Maleev VV, Glass RI, Pokrovsky VI, J Infect Dis. 2009 Nov 1;200 Suppl 1:S228-33
	Molecular epidemiology of human astrovirus and adenovirus serotypes 40/41 strains related to acute diarrhea in Tunisian children. Sdiri-Loulizi K, Gharbi-Khelifi H, de Rougemont A, Hassine M, Chouchane S, Sakly N, Pothier P, Guédiche MN, Aouni M, Ambert-Balay K, J Med Virol. 2009 Nov;81(11):1895-902
	Identification of a novel picornavirus related to cosaviruses in a child with acute diarrhea. Holtz LR, Finkbeiner SR, Kirkwood CD, Wang D, Virol J. 2008 Dec 22;5:159
	[Acute and prolonged infectious diarrheas, of microbial and viral etiology: methods of clinical and microbiological diagnosis] Crotti D, D'Annibale ML, Recenti Prog Med. 2007 Nov;98(11):553-9
	[Prevalence of adenovirus antigens in children presenting with acute diarrhoea] Fodha I, Chouikha A, Dewar J, Trabelsi A, Boujaafar N, Steele AD, Med Trop (Mars). 2007 Jun;67(3):256-8
	Determinants of self-report outcome measures in people with knee osteoarthritis. Maly MR, Costigan PA, Olney SJ, Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2006 Jan;87(1):96-104
	Nosocomial antibiotic-associated diarrhea associated with enterotoxin-producing strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Boyce JM, Havill NL, Am J Gastroenterol. 2005 Aug;100(8):1828-34
	Celiac disease with mild to moderate histologic changes is a common cause of chronic diarrhea in Indian children. Bhatnagar S, Gupta SD, Mathur M, Phillips AD, Kumar R, Knutton S, Unsworth DJ, Lock RJ, Natchu UC, Mukhopadhyaya S, Saini S, Bhan MK, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2005 Aug;41(2):204-9
	Rapid detection of diarrheagenic E. coli by real-time PCR. Bischoff C, Lüthy J, Altwegg M, Baggi F, J Microbiol Methods. 2005 Jun;61(3):335-41
	[Molecular epidemiological study on norovirus among children with acute diarrhea in Guangzhou] Feng XM, Zhong JY, Zhou R, Geng LL, Ou WJ, Gong ST, Zhonghua Er Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;46(12):899-904
	Diagnosis and prevalence of enteropathogenic bacteria in children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea in Tehran children's hospitals. Jafari F, Garcia-Gil LJ, Salmanzadeh-Ahrabi S, Shokrzadeh L, Aslani MM, Pourhoseingholi MA, Derakhshan F, Zali MR, J Infect. 2009 Jan;58(1):21-7
	Association of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Pathotypes with infection and diarrhea among Mexican children and association of atypical Enteropathogenic E. coli with acute diarrhea. Estrada-Garcia T, Lopez-Saucedo C, Thompson-Bonilla R, Abonce M, Lopez-Hernandez D, Santos JI, Rosado JL, DuPont HL, Long KZ, J Clin Microbiol. 2009 Jan;47(1):93-8
	[Rotaviruses in younger children in Novosibirsk in 2005-2007: detection and genotyping] Zhirakovskaia EV, Maleev VV, Klemesheva VV, Bodnev SA, Korsakova TG, Tikunov AIu, Iun TE, Nikiforova NA, Netesov SV, Tikunova NV, Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol. 2008 Jul-Aug;(4):12-6
	Factors associated with acute diarrhoea in children in Dhahira, Oman: a hospital-based study. Patel PK, Mercy J, Shenoy J, Ashwini B, East Mediterr Health J. 2008 May-Jun;14(3):571-8
	Molecular studies of fecal anaerobic commensal bacteria in acute diarrhea in children. Balamurugan R, Janardhan HP, George S, Raghava MV, Muliyil J, Ramakrishna BS, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 May;46(5):514-9
	Rice gruel and rice starch reduce sorbitol-induced diarrhoea in cecectomized rats. Islam MS, Nishiyama A, Sakaguchi E, Digestion. 2005;72(1):13-21
	Colonic biopsy practice for evaluation of diarrhea in patients with normal endoscopic findings: results from a national endoscopic database. Harewood GC, Olson JS, Mattek NC, Holub JL, Lieberman DA, Gastrointest Endosc. 2005 Mar;61(3):371-5
	A study of the importance of the enterotoxigenic E. coli in children with acute diarrhoea in Recife, Brazil. Sarinho SW, da Silva GA, Magalhães M, Carvalho MR, J Trop Pediatr. 1993 Oct;39(5):304-6
	Tube feeding-related diarrhea in acutely Ill patients. Guenter PA, Settle RG, Perlmutter S, Marino PL, DeSimone GA, Rolandelli RH, JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr. 1991 May-Jun;15(3):277-80
Supplementary evidence:
	Prevalence of Rotavirus in Acute Diarrhea and its Association with Clinical Signs and Symptoms. Aparecido Nunes A, Marques de Mello L, Neiva Parrode R, Paulo Maneira Bittar J, Luiz da Silva Domingues A, J Trop Pediatr. 2009 Sep 30;
	[Acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction secondary to acute diarrhea in 10 children.] Liu YL, Liu LY, Cai HM, Zhongguo Dang Dai Er Ke Za Zhi. 2008 Dec;10(6):752-3
	A population-based estimate of the substantial burden of diarrhoeal disease in the United States; FoodNet, 1996-2003. Jones TF, McMillian MB, Scallan E, Frenzen PD, Cronquist AB, Thomas S, Angulo FJ, Epidemiol Infect. 2007 Feb;135(2):293-301
	Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis-associated diarrhea in children 0-2 years of age in rural Bangladesh. Pathela P, Hasan KZ, Roy E, Alam K, Huq F, Siddique AK, Sack RB, J Infect Dis. 2005 Apr 15;191(8):1245-52
	Cost-effectiveness of zinc as adjunct therapy for acute childhood diarrhoea in developing countries. Robberstad B, Strand T, Black RE, Sommerfelt H, Bull World Health Organ. 2004 Jul;82(7):523-31
	[Diagnosis and treatment of acute diarrhea] Rockmann F, MMW Fortschr Med. 2004 May 6;146(19):49-51
	[Diet and drug treatment of acute infant diarrhea] le Touzé P, Servir. 2004 May-Jun;52(3):151-5
	Etiology of acute diarrhea in adults in southwestern Nigeria. Kebede A, Polderman AM, J Clin Microbiol. 2004 Aug;42(8):3909; author reply 3909-10
	[Treatment of acute diarrhea: prescription patterns by private practice pediatricians] Uhlen S, Toursel F, Gottrand F, Association française de pédiatrie ambulatoire, Arch Pediatr. 2004 Aug;11(8):903-7
	Setting priorities on the prevention of acute diarrhoea. Van Caillie-Bertrand M, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004 Mar;38(3):242-3
	An evidence and consensus based guideline for acute diarrhoea management. Armon K, Lakhanpaul M, Stephenson T, Arch Dis Child. 2002 Feb;86(2):138