WGO Graded Evidence: Management of Acute Viral Hepatitis

Level: Other Reading: 108 Abstracts

Legend:   : Special Mention  : Important  : Very Important  : Key Development
	Dendritic cells in chronic viral hepatitis B and C: victims or guardian angels? Woltman AM, Boonstra A, Janssen HL., Gut. 2010 Jan;59(1):115-25.
	Natural killer cells and hepatitis C: action and reaction. Cheent K, Khakoo SI., Gut. 2011 Feb;60(2):268-78. Epub 2010 Sep 28.
	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma: a weightyconnection. Starley BQ, Calcagno CJ, Harrison SA., Hepatology. 2010 May;51(5):1820-32.
	Hepatobiliary complications of hematopoietic cell transplantation, 40 years on. McDonald GB., Hepatology. 2010 Apr;51(4):1450-60.
	HCV drug discovery aimed at viral eradication. Schinazi RF, Bassit L, Gavegnano C., J Viral Hepat. 2010 Feb 1;17(2):77-90. Epub 2009 Dec 18.
	Resistance to direct antiviral agents in patients with hepatitis C virusinfection. Sarrazin C, Zeuzem S., Gastroenterology. 2010 Feb;138(2):447-62. Epub 2009 Dec 16.
	A review of sleep disturbance in hepatitis C. Sockalingam S, Abbey SE, Alosaimi F, Novak M., J Clin Gastroenterol. 2010 Jan;44(1):38-45.
	Tailoring the length of antiviral treatment for hepatitis C. Mangia A, Andriulli A., Gut. 2010 Jan;59(1):1-5.
	Occult hepatitis B virus infection: a covert operation. Hollinger FB, Sood G., J Viral Hepat. 2010 Jan;17(1):1-15. Epub 2009 Dec 9.
	Hepatitis C virus infection and its clearance alter circulating lipids: implications for long-term follow-up. Corey KE, Kane E, Munroe C, Barlow LL, Zheng H, Chung RT, Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1030-7
	Naturally occurring dominant resistance mutations to hepatitis C virus protease and polymerase inhibitors in treatment-naïve patients. Kuntzen T, Timm J, Berical A, Lennon N, Berlin AM, Young SK, Lee B, Heckerman D, Carlson J, Reyor LL, Kleyman M, McMahon CM, Birch C, Schulze Zur Wiesch J, Ledlie T, Koehrsen M, Kodira C, Roberts AD, Lauer GM, Rosen HR, Bihl F, Cerny A, Spengler U, Liu Z, Kim AY, Xing Y, Schneidewind A, Madey MA, Fleckenstein JF, Park VM, Galagan JE, Nusbaum C, Walker BD, Lake-Bakaar GV, Daar ES, Jacobson IM, Gomperts ED, Edlin BR, Donfield SM, Chung RT, Talal AH, Marion T, Birren BW, Henn MR, Allen TM, Hepatology. 2008 Dec;48(6):1769-78
	Histological changes in HCV antibody-positive, HCV RNA-negative subjects suggest persistent virus infection. Hoare M, Gelson WT, Rushbrook SM, Curran MD, Woodall T, Coleman N, Davies SE, Alexander GJ, Hepatology. 2008 Dec;48(6):1737-45
	Long-term outcome of human leukocyte antigen mismatching in liver transplantation: results of the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases Liver Transplantation Database. Balan V, Ruppert K, Demetris AJ, Ledneva T, Duquesnoy RJ, Detre KM, Wei YL, Rakela J, Schafer DF, Roberts JP, Everhart JE, Wiesner RH, Hepatology. 2008 Sep;48(3):878-88
	Obesity and steatosis influence serum and hepatic inflammatory markers in chronic hepatitis C. Jonsson JR, Barrie HD, O'Rourke P, Clouston AD, Powell EE, Hepatology. 2008 Jul;48(1):80-7
	Hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, surveillance, and diagnosis. Sherman M., Semin Liver Dis. 2010 Feb;30(1):3-16. Epub 2010 Feb 19.
	Contemporary clinical research of traditional Chinese medicines for chronichepatitis B in China: an analytical review. Zhang L, Wang G, Hou W, Li P, Dulin A, Bonkovsky HL., Hepatology. 2010 Feb;51(2):690-8.
	Antiviral therapy reduces risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients withhepatitis C virus-related cirrhosis. Singal AK, Singh A, Jaganmohan S, Guturu P, Mummadi R, Kuo YF, Sood GK., Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2010 Feb;8(2):192-9. Epub 2009 Oct 30.
	A seven-gene signature (cirrhosis risk score) predicts liver fibrosis progression in patients with initially mild chronic hepatitis C. Marcolongo M, Young B, Dal Pero F, Fattovich G, Peraro L, Guido M, Sebastiani G, Palù G, Alberti A, Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1038-44
	Divergent adaptation of hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 3 to human leukocyte antigen-restricted immune pressure. Rauch A, James I, Pfafferott K, Nolan D, Klenerman P, Cheng W, Mollison L, McCaughan G, Shackel N, Jeffrey GP, Baker R, Freitas E, Humphreys I, Furrer H, Günthard HF, Hirschel B, Mallal S, John M, Lucas M, Barnes E, Gaudieri S, Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1017-29
	Fast fibrosis progression between repeated liver biopsies in patients coinfected with human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus. Macías J, Berenguer J, Japón MA, Girón JA, Rivero A, López-Cortés LF, Moreno A, González-Serrano M, Iribarren JA, Ortega E, Miralles P, Mira JA, Pineda JA, Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1056-63
	Efficacy of entecavir in patients with chronic hepatitis B resistant to both lamivudine and adefovir or to lamivudine alone. Shim JH, Suh DJ, Kim KM, Lim YS, Lee HC, Chung YH, Lee YS, Hepatology. 2009 Oct;50(4):1064-71
	Visualizing hepatitis C virus infections in human liver by two-photon microscopy. Liang Y, Shilagard T, Xiao SY, Snyder N, Lau D, Cicalese L, Weiss H, Vargas G, Lemon SM, Gastroenterology. 2009 Oct;137(4):1448-58
	Temporal analysis of early immune responses in patients with acute hepatitis B virus infection. Dunn C, Peppa D, Khanna P, Nebbia G, Jones M, Brendish N, Lascar RM, Brown D, Gilson RJ, Tedder RJ, Dusheiko GM, Jacobs M, Klenerman P, Maini MK, Gastroenterology. 2009 Oct;137(4):1289-300
	Early HBeAg loss during peginterferon alpha-2b therapy predicts HBsAg loss: results of a long-term follow-up study in chronic hepatitis B patients. Buster EH, Flink HJ, Simsek H, Heathcote EJ, Sharmila S, Kitis GE, Gerken G, Buti M, de Vries RA, Verhey E, Hansen BE, Janssen HL, Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Oct;104(10):2449-57
	Current issues in the management of paediatric viral hepatitis. Yeung LT, Roberts EA., Liver Int. 2010 Jan;30(1):5-18. Epub 2009 Oct 19.
	The preoperative positivity for serum hepatitis B e antigen did not affect overall survival after curative resection of hepatitis B virus-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Choi GH, Kim DH, Choi SB, Kang CM, Kim KS, Choi JS, Lee WJ, Han KH, Chon CY, Kim BR, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2009 Mar;24(3):391-8
	Evaluation of alanine transaminase and hepatitis B virus DNA to predict liver cirrhosis in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B using transient elastography. Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, Chan HY, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Chan HL, Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Dec;103(12):3071-81
	Pretreatment prediction of virological response to peginterferon plus ribavirin therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients using viral and host factors. Shirakawa H, Matsumoto A, Joshita S, Komatsu M, Tanaka N, Umemura T, Ichijo T, Yoshizawa K, Kiyosawa K, Tanaka E, Nagano Interferon Treatment Research Group, Hepatology. 2008 Dec;48(6):1753-60
	Treatment of chronic hepatitis C in hemodialysis patients. Berenguer M, Hepatology. 2008 Nov;48(5):1690-9
	Does hepatitis E viral load and genotypes influence the final outcome of acute liver failure during pregnancy? Kar P, Jilani N, Husain SA, Pasha ST, Anand R, Rai A, Das BC, Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Oct;103(10):2495-501
	Significant gene expression differences in histologically "Normal" liver biopsies: Implications for control tissue. Asselah T, Bièche I, Laurendeau I, Martinot-Peignoux M, Paradis V, Vidaud D, Valla DC, Bedossa P, Marcellin P, Vidaud M, Hepatology. 2008 Sep;48(3):953-62
	Validation and comparison of simple noninvasive indexes for predicting liver fibrosis in HIV-HCV-coinfected patients: ANRS CO3 Aquitaine cohort. Loko MA, Castera L, Dabis F, Le Bail B, Winnock M, Coureau G, Bioulac-Sage P, de Ledinghen V, Neau D, Groupe d'Epidémiologie Clinique du SIDA en Aquitaine (GECSA), Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Aug;103(8):1973-80
	Barriers to interferon-alpha therapy are higher in intravenous drug users than in other patients with acute hepatitis C. B Broers, B Helbling, A Fran&ccedilois, P Schmid, C Chuard, A Hadengue, F Negro, Swiss Association for the Study of the Liver (SASL 18), J Hepatol. 2005 Mar:323-8
	Early monotherapy with pegylated interferon alpha-2b for acute hepatitis C infection: the HEP-NET acute-HCV-II study. J Wiegand, P Buggisch, W Boecher, S Zeuzem, CM Gelbmann, T Berg, W Kauffmann, B Kallinowski, M Cornberg, E Jaeckel, H Wedemeyer, MP Manns, German HEP-NET Acute HCV Study Group, Hepatology. 2006 Feb:250-6
	Efficacy of a 24-week course of PEG-interferon alpha-2b monotherapy in patients with acute hepatitis C after failure of spontaneous clearance. T Santantonio, M Fasano, E Sinisi, A Guastadisegni, C Casalino, M Mazzola, R Francavilla, G Pastore, J Hepatol. 2005 Mar:329-33
	Influence of genotypes and precore mutations on fulminant or chronic outcome of acute hepatitis B virus infection. A Ozasa, Y Tanaka, E Orito, M Sugiyama, JH Kang, S Hige, T Kuramitsu, K Suzuki, E Tanaka, S Okada, H Tokita, Y Asahina, K Inoue, S Kakumu, T Okanoue, Y Murawaki, K Hino, M Onji, H Yatsuhashi, H Sakugawa, Y Miyakawa, R Ueda, M Mizokami, Hepatology. 2006 Aug:326-34
	Insulin resistance impairs sustained response rate to peginterferon plus ribavirin in chronic hepatitis C patients. M Romero-Gómez, M Del Mar Viloria, RJ Andrade, J Salmerón, M Diago, CM Fernández-Rodríguez, R Corpas, M Cruz, L Grande, L Vázquez, P Muñoz-De-Rueda, P López-Serrano, A Gila, ML Gutiérrez, C Pérez, A Ruiz-Extremera, E Suárez, J Castillo, Gastroenterology. 2005 Mar:636-41
	Morphological changes in intracellular lipid droplets induced by different hepatitis C virus genotype core sequences and relationship with steatosis. Piodi A, Chouteau P, Lerat H, Hézode C, Pawlotsky JM, Hepatology. 2008 Jul;48(1):16-27
	Sequence variation in hepatitis C virus nonstructural protein 5A predicts clinical outcome of pegylated interferon/ribavirin combination therapy. El-Shamy A, Nagano-Fujii M, Sasase N, Imoto S, Kim SR, Hotta H, Hepatology. 2008 Jul;48(1):38-47
	Treatment of acute hepatitis C infection in HIV-infected patients: a retrospective analysis of eleven cases. M Vogel, B Bieniek, H Jessen, CK Schewe, C Hoffmann, A Baumgarten, A Kroidl, JR Bogner, U Spengler, JK Rockstroh, J Viral Hepat. 2005 Mar:207-11
	Chronic hepatitis C virus infection in children. Mohan N, González-Peralta RP, Fujisawa T, Chang MH, Heller S, Jara P, Kelly D,Mieli-Vergani G, Shah U, Murray KF., J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2010 Feb;50(2):123-31.
	The effects of hepatitis C recurrence on health-related quality of life in liver transplant recipients. Bownik H, Saab S., Liver Int. 2010 Jan;30(1):19-30. Epub 2009 Oct 20.
	Dietary alterations due to perceptions in acute viral hepatitis lead to sub-optimal calorie intake and increased length of hospitalization. Sathiaraj E, Chutke M, Mahurkar S, Nagaraja Rao P, Nageshwar Reddy D, J Viral Hepat. 2009 Sep 2;
	Acute cellular rejection and its sequelae developing in a 42-year-old man after liver transplantation. Fiel MI, Schiano T, Hepatology. 2009 Aug;50(2):650-1
	Hepatic histopathology and clinical characteristics associated with antiretroviral therapy in HIV patients without viral hepatitis. Akhtar MA, Mathieson K, Arey B, Post J, Prevette R, Hillier A, Patel P, Ram LJ, Van Thiel DH, Nadir A, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Dec;20(12):1194-204
	Changing trends in hepatitis C-related mortality in the United States, 1995-2004. Wise M, Bialek S, Finelli L, Bell BP, Sorvillo F, Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1128-35
	Does co-infection with multiple viruses adversely influence the course and outcome of sporadic acute viral hepatitis in children? A Kumar, SK Yachha, U Poddar, U Singh, R Aggarwal, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Oct:1533-7
	Health-related quality of life in chronic hepatitis B patients. Ong SC, Mak B, Aung MO, Li SC, Lim SG, Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1108-17
	Hepatocarcinoma in viral and metabolic liver disease. Rosenthal P, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Apr;46(4):370-5
	Increasing trend of acute hepatitis A in north India: need for identification of high-risk population for vaccination. Z Hussain, BC Das, SA Husain, NS Murthy, P Kar, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Apr:689-93
	MicroRNA gene expression profile of hepatitis C virus-associated hepatocellular carcinoma. Varnholt H, Drebber U, Schulze F, Wedemeyer I, Schirmacher P, Dienes HP, Odenthal M, Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1223-32
	Outcome of acute hepatitis C is related to virus-specific CD4 function and maturation of antiviral memory CD8 responses. S Urbani, B Amadei, P Fisicaro, D Tola, A Orlandini, L Sacchelli, C Mori, G Missale, C Ferrari, Hepatology. 2006 Jul:126-39
	Steatohepatitis: Risk factors and impact on disease severity in human immunodeficiency virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection. Sterling RK, Contos MJ, Smith PG, Stravitz RT, Luketic VA, Fuchs M, Shiffman ML, Sanyal AJ, Hepatology. 2008 Apr;47(4):1118-27
Supplementary evidence:
	Metabolic syndrome increases the risk of liver cirrhosis in chronic hepatitis B. Wong GL, Wong VW, Choi PC, Chan AW, Chim AM, Yiu KK, Chan HY, Chan FK, Sung JJ, Chan HL, Gut. 2009 Jan;58(1):111-7
	High impact of migration on the prevalence of chronic hepatitis B in the Netherlands. Marschall T, Kretzschmar M, Mangen MJ, Schalm S, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Dec;20(12):1214-25
	Is there a meaningful serum hepatitis B virus DNA cutoff level for therapeutic decisions in hepatitis B e antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B virus infection? Papatheodoridis GV, Manesis EK, Manolakopoulos S, Elefsiniotis IS, Goulis J, Giannousis J, Bilalis A, Kafiri G, Tzourmakliotis D, Archimandritis AJ, Hepatology. 2008 Nov;48(5):1451-9
	Prevalence of hepatitis C infection and risk factors in hospitalized diabetic patients: results of a cross-sectional study. Cadranel JF, Di Martino V, Lambrey G, Mourlhon C, Nalet B, Anciaux ML, Richard C, Bigué JP, Barjon JN, Bories C, Barbare JC, Halimi C, Ribière O, Eugène C, Pauwels A, Jeanne S, Donato L, Dumouchel P, Pariente A, Duverlie G, Devergie B, Arlot S, Capron D, Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2008 Sep;20(9):829-36
	A case of acute hepatitis E with the travel history to an endemic area SS Kim, CD Yeo, JD Kim, HS Kim, JW Jang, CW Kim, SH Bae, JY Choi, SK Yoon, Korean J Gastroenterol. 2004 Dec:342-5
	Acute and chronic hepatitis: Working Group report of the second World Congress of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition. MH Chang, D Hadzic, SH Rouassant, M Jonas, IJ Kohn, F Negro, E Roberts, A Sibal, Asian Pan-Pacific Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2004 Jun:S584-8
	Acute hepatitis after use of nimesulide: drug-induced or is there something more? Mononucleosis P Quadranti, Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2004 Oct 20:1785-7
	Acute hepatitis C in HIV-infected men who have sex with men. J Ghosn, S Pierre-Fran&ccedilois, V Thibault, C Duvivier, R Tubiana, A Simon, MA Valantin, S Dominguez, E Caumes, C Katlama, HIV Med. 2004 Jul:303-6
	Acute hepatitis C virus infection A Martínez Echeverría, C Rodríguez Gutiérrez, I Elizalde, JM Zozaya, An Sist Sanit Navar. 2004:59-68
	Acute hepatitis C--an unresolved issue D Palmovi., A Vince, I Kurelac, J Crnjakovi.-Palmovi., Acta Med Croatica. 2004:335-9
	Acute hepatitis C: diagnosis and management. MU Mondelli, A Cerino, A Cividini, J Hepatol. 2005:S108-14
	Acute hepatitis during pregnancy: hepatitis E virus must be considered JM Péron, JM Mansuy, H Poirson, C Bureau, J Izopet, JP Vinel, Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2005 Jan:87
	Acute hepatitis with or without jaundice: a predominant presentation of acute Q fever in southern Taiwan. K Chang, JJ Yan, HC Lee, KH Liu, NY Lee, WC Ko, J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2004 Apr:103-8
	Advances in the treatment of acute hepatitis B S Mochida, K Fujiwara, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Aug:248-52
	Application of hepatitis serology testing algorithms to assess inappropriate laboratory utilization. OA Ozbek, MA Oktem, G Dogan, YH Abacioglu, J Eval Clin Pract. 2004 Nov:519-23
	Changing prevalence, clinical features, and outcome of acute hepatitis in Spain (1982-2003). JA del Olmo, E Ornia, MA Serra, ML Garcia-Torres, A Escudero, F Rodriguez, JM Rodrigo, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2006 Jun:982-7
	Clinical view of acute hepatitis B N Tanaka, Y Arakawa, M Moriyama, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Aug:242-7
	Clinical view of acute hepatitis C K Kiyosawa, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Jul:347-52
	Confirmation of nosocomial hepatitis C virus infection in a hemodialysis unit. N Furusyo, N Kubo, H Nakashima, K Kashiwagi, Y Etoh, J Hayashi, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2004 Jul:584-90
	Detection and analysis of HAV-HEV, HGV infection in patients with viral hepatitis LS Xiong, SF Cui, JG Zhou, Y Xing, Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi. 2004 Jul:395-6
	Diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis C--procedure in difficult situations WH Schmiegel, Z Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug:720-3
	Dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids suppress acute hepatitis, alter gene expression and prolong survival of female Long-Evans Cinnamon rats, a model of Wilson disease. C Du, Y Fujii, M Ito, M Harada, E Moriyama, R Shimada, A Ikemoto, H Okuyama, J Nutr Biochem. 2004 May:273-80
	Distribution of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genotypes among patients with acute viral hepatitis. AC Lyra, JR Pinho, IM Mello, F de M Malta, MM Gomes, AM Di Bisceglie, LG Lyra, FJ Carrilho, LC da Silva, J Clin Gastroenterol. 2005 Jan:81-2
	Effect of artificial liver support system on patients with severe viral hepatitis: a study of four hundred cases. LJ Li, Q Yang, JR Huang, XW Xu, YM Chen, SZ Fu, World J Gastroenterol. 2004 Oct 15:2984-8
	Epidemiological and clinical features of hepatitis E in Japan. H Yatsuhashi, J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul:702-3
	Epidemiological and clinical study of sporadic acute hepatitis E caused by indigenous strains of hepatitis E virus in Japan compared with acute hepatitis A. S Sainokami, K Abe, I Kumagai, A Miyasaka, R Endo, Y Takikawa, K Suzuki, H Mizuo, Y Sugai, Y Akahane, Y Koizumi, Y Yajima, H Okamoto, J Gastroenterol. 2004 Jul:640-8
	Factors associated with fulminant liver failure during an outbreak among injection drug users with acute hepatitis B. RS Garfein, WA Bower, CM Loney, YJ Hutin, GL Xia, J Jawanda, AV Groom, OV Nainan, JS Murphy, BP Bell, Hepatology. 2004 Oct:865-73
	Frequency and clinical course of hepatitis E in tertiary care hospitals. MI Saeedi, K Mahmood, Amanullah, M Ziauddin, N Ilyas, M Zarif, J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2004 Sep:527-9
	Hepatitis B (acute and chronic) UK Naumann, L Kæser, W Vetter, Schweiz Rundsch Med Prax. 2004 Jul 28:1227-33; quiz 1234, 1261
	Hepatitis C treatment update. BL Pearlman, Am J Med. 2004 Sep 1:344-52
	Humoral and cellular adaptation mechanisms in development of intoxication syndrome in patients with acute viral hepatitis SG Pak, EV Volchkova, KT Umbetova, Ter Arkh. 2004:61-5
	Inhibition of hepatitis C virus-like particle binding to target cells by antiviral antibodies in acute and chronic hepatitis C. D Steinmann, H Barth, B Gissler, P Schurmann, MI Adah, JT Gerlach, GR Pape, E Depla, D Jacobs, G Maertens, AH Patel, G Inchauspé, TJ Liang, HE Blum, TF Baumert, J Virol. 2004 Sep:9030-40
	Is it possible to diagnose acute hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection by a rising anti-HCV titre rather than by seroconversion? SN Lu, HD Tung, TM Chen, CM Lee, JH Wang, CH Hung, CH Chen, CS Changchien, J Viral Hepat. 2004 Nov:563-70
	Mode of HCV infection examined by polymorphism of hypervariable region-1 in cases of acute hepatitis C after accidental exposure to blood-borne pathogens. T Takeda, N Tatsumi, Y Nakayama, T Yasuda, S Nishiguchi, S Seki, J Med Virol. 2005 Jan:35-41
	Molecular epidemiologic analysis of hepatitis C virus infection in injecting drug users with acute hepatitis C in Japan. Y Satoh, K Hino, T Kato, M Mizokami, S Yamashita, H Nakamura, K Okita, J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2004 Nov:1305-11
	Pediatric knowledge about acute viral hepatitis. R Franca, L Silva, MC Melo, S Cavalcante, B Lima, A Rocha, C Gomes, M Franca, Braz J Infect Dis. 2004 Jun:227-35
	Peginterferon alfa-2b treatment for patients affected by acute hepatitis C: presentation of six case reports. G Scotto, E Palumbo, V Fazio, DC Cibelli, A Saracino, G Angarano, Infection. 2005 Feb:30-2
	Phenprocoumon-induced liver disease ranges from mild acute hepatitis to (sub-) acute liver failure. CC Schimanski, J Burg, M M&oeig;hler, T H&oeig;hler, S Kanzler, G Otto, PR Galle, AW Lohse, J Hepatol. 2004 Jul:67-74
	Positive test results for acute hepatitis A virus infection among persons with no recent history of acute hepatitis--United States, 2002-2004. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2005 May 13:453-6
	Prediction of fulminant hepatitis in severe acute hepatitis B K Michitaka, M Onji, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Aug:269-73
	Prevention of viral hepatitis in Italy. D FitzSimons, G Fran&ccedilois, P Bonanni, A Mele, A Zanetti, T Stroffolini, P Crovari, P Van Damme, Vaccine. 2004 Sep 28:4092-6
	Probable sildenafil (Viagra) induced acute hepatitis in a patient with no other risk factors A Balian, F Touati, B Huguenin, S Prevot, G Perlemuter, S Naveau, JC Chaput, Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2005 Jan:89
	Promoting hepatic growth factor in the treatment of heavy type hepatitis and severe chronic hepatitis: a multicenter clinical study. JH Xu, YY Yu, CW Si, Z Zeng, QH Wang, DD Luo, YX Zhou, MD Zeng, GY Qiao, JL Yao, WL Lu, Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2004 Aug:381-5
	Recurrent acute hepatitis associated with use of cetirizine. M Pompili, M Basso, A Grieco, FM Vecchio, G Gasbarrini, GL Rapaccini, Ann Pharmacother. 2004 Nov:1844-7
	Role of beauty treatment in the spread of parenterally transmitted hepatitis viruses in Italy. A Mariano, A Mele, ME Tosti, A Parlato, G Gallo, P Ragni, C Zotti, P Lopalco, MG Pompa, G Graziani, T Stroffolini, J Med Virol. 2004 Oct:216-20
	Standard treatment of acute and chronic hepatitis C S Zeuzem, Z Gastroenterol. 2004 Aug:714-9
	The role of Epstein-Barr virus in acute and chronic hepatitis. U Drebber, HU Kasper, J Krupacz, K Haferkamp, MA Kern, HM Steffen, M Quasdorff, A Zur Hausen, M Odenthal, HP Dienes, J Hepatol. 2006 May:879-85
	Therapy of acute hepatitis C with interferon-alpha2b plus ribavirin in a health care worker. GT Ertem, N Tulek, B Oral, S Kinikli, Acta Gastroenterol Belg. 2005 Jan-Mar:104-6
	Treatment choices for people infected with HCV. S Fargion, AL Fracanzani, L Valenti, J Antimicrob Chemother. 2004 May:708-12
	Treatment of acute hepatitis C O Yokosuka, R Mikata, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Jul:357-60
	Treatment of acute hepatitis C. T Santantonio, Curr Pharm Des. 2004:2077-80
	Treatment of fulminant hepatitis C or subacute hepatitis C K Inoue, M Yoshiba, Nippon Rinsho. 2004 Jul:371-5
	Type 1 autoimmune hepatitis: patterns of clinical presentation and differential diagnosis of the 'acute' type. R Ferrari, G Pappas, D Agostinelli, P Muratori, L Muratori, M Lenzi, G Verucchi, F Cassani, F Chiodo, FB Bianchi, QJM. 2004 Jul:407-12
	Viral hepatitis in the Arctic. BJ McMahon, Int J Circumpolar Health. 2004:41-8
	Whom? When? How? Another piece of evidence for early treatment of acute hepatitis C. H Wedemeyer, E Jæckel, J Wiegand, M Cornberg, MP Manns, Hepatology. 2004 May:1201-3