WGO Graded Evidence: Probiotics and Prebiotics

Level: Other Reading: 20 Abstracts

Legend:   : Special Mention  : Important  : Very Important  : Key Development
	Lactobacillus casei downregulates commensals' inflammatory signals in Crohn's disease mucosa. Llopis M, Antolin M, Carol M, Borruel N, Casellas F, Martinez C, Espín-Basany E, Guarner F, Malagelada JR, Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2009 Feb;15(2):275-83
	Challenges to the therapeutic pipeline for irritable bowel syndrome: end points and regulatory hurdles. Camilleri M, Chang L, Gastroenterology. 2008 Dec;135(6):1877-91
	Probiotics in allergy management. Vanderhoof JA, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2008 Nov;47 Suppl 2:S38-40
	Characterization of alpha,alpha-trehalase released in the intestinal lumen by the probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii. Buts JP, Stilmant C, Bernasconi P, Neirinck C, De Keyser N, Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(12):1489-96
	Clinical use of E. coli Nissle 1917 in inflammatory bowel disease. Schultz M, Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Jul;14(7):1012-8
	Influence of Saccharomyces boulardii on the intestinal permeability of patients with Crohn's disease in remission. Garcia Vilela E, De Lourdes De Abreu Ferrari M, Oswaldo Da Gama Torres H, Guerra Pinto A, Carolina Carneiro Aguirre A, Paiva Martins F, Marcos Andrade Goulart E, Sales Da Cunha A, Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008;43(7):842-8
	Probiotic administration in patients with ileal pouch-anal anastomosis for ulcerative colitis is associated with expansion of mucosal regulatory cells. Pronio A, Montesani C, Butteroni C, Vecchione S, Mumolo G, Vestri A, Vitolo D, Boirivant M, Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 May;14(5):662-8
	Helping patients make informed choices about probiotics: a need for research. Sharp RR, Achkar JP, Brinich MA, Farrell RM, Am J Gastroenterol. 2009 Apr;104(4):809-13
	Probiotics and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children. Vandenplas Y, Benninga M, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Apr;48 Suppl 2:S107-9
	Clinical evidence for immunomodulatory effects of probiotic bacteria. Ruemmele FM, Bier D, Marteau P, Rechkemmer G, Bourdet-Sicard R, Walker WA, Goulet O, J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2009 Feb;48(2):126-41
	Probiotics and immunity. Borchers AT, Selmi C, Meyers FJ, Keen CL, Gershwin ME, J Gastroenterol. 2009;44(1):26-46
	Probiotic preparation VSL#3 induces remission in children with mild to moderate acute ulcerative colitis: A pilot study. Huynh HQ, Debruyn J, Guan L, Diaz H, Li M, Girgis S, Turner J, Fedorak R, Madsen K, Inflamm Bowel Dis. 2008 Dec 9;
	Almost all irritable bowel syndromes are post-infectious and respond to probiotics: consensus issues. Cuomo R, Savarese MF, Gargano R, Dig Dis. 2007;25(3):241-4
	Baseline microbiota activity and initial bifidobacteria counts influence responses to prebiotic dosing in healthy subjects. de Preter V, Vanhoutte T, Huys G, Swings J, Rutgeerts P, Verbeke K, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2008 Mar 15;27(6):504-13
	Gastrointestinal microbiota in irritable bowel syndrome: their role in its pathogenesis and treatment. Parkes GC, Brostoff J, Whelan K, Sanderson JD, Am J Gastroenterol. 2008 Jun;103(6):1557-67
	Review article: Probiotics in gastrointestinal and liver diseases. Jonkers D, Stockbrügger R, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Dec;26 Suppl 2:133-48
	Review article: yeast as probiotics -- Saccharomyces boulardii. Czerucka D, Piche T, Rampal P, Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2007 Sep 15;26(6):767-78
	The safety of two Bacillus probiotic strains for human use. Sorokulova IB, Pinchuk IV, Denayrolles M, Osipova IG, Huang JM, Cutting SM, Urdaci MC, Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Apr;53(4):954-63
Supplementary evidence:
	Prebiotics, probiotics and helminths: the 'natural' solution? Guarner F, Dig Dis. 2009;27(3):412-7
	Comparative Effects of a High-Amylose Starch and a Fructooligosaccharide on Fecal Bifidobacteria Numbers and Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Pigs Fed Bifidobacterium animalis. Bird AR, Vuaran M, Crittenden R, Hayakawa T, Playne MJ, Brown IL, Topping DL, Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Dec 17;